@article{Moulton2021,

title = {Narratives of ice loss: New approaches to shrinking glaciers and climate change adaptation},

author = {Holly Moulton and Mark Carey and Christian Huggel and Alina Motschmann},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016718521001780},

doi = {10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.06.011},

issn = {00167185},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-01},

journal = {Geoforum},

volume = {125},

pages = {47--56},

publisher = {Pergamon},

abstract = {This article explores an as-yet overlooked component of glacier melt: how competing narratives of ice loss are embedded in divergent climate change adaptation debates. This analysis of regional narratives of ice loss exposes the contested role of glacial meltwater amongst local residents, framing glaciers not just as physical features but also as nodes of discourse and imagination that influence climate change adaptation. Peru's Cordillera Blanca offers an excellent case study for this new narrative approach to shrinking glaciers. The Cordillera Blanca hosts 25 percent of Earth's tropical glaciers, has hundreds of glacial lakes and has generated some of the world's deadliest glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). Despite decades of glacial lake management in the Cordillera Blanca, government agencies, researchers, local people and hydroelectric companies often disagree as to how to safely manage these lakes to prevent floods and maintain water security. This study helps explain why they disagree and why social conflict has repeatedly occurred around Lakes Palcacocha and Shallap. It analyzes narratives embedded in local and national newspapers and other media to understand varying views. Frequently, competing visions of glacial lake risk management stem from power structures that prioritize certain narratives over others in response to perceived political and environmental conditions. Thus, narrative analysis offers a methodology to understand local and regional experiences with glacier change and climate adaptation, including how and where environmental authority emerges, with broader implications for a global politics of ice loss.},

keywords = {Climate change adaptation, Cordillera Blanca, Glacier melt, GLOF (glacial lake outburst flood), Narratives, Peru, Power},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Klime2021,

title = {Paraglacial Rock Slope Stability Under Changing Environmental Conditions, Safuna Lakes, Cordillera Blanca Peru},

author = {Klimeš Jan and Novotný Jan and Cochacin Rapre Alejo and Balek Jan and Zahradníček Pavel and Strozzi Tazio and Sana Hamid and Frey Holger and René Miloš and Štěpánek Petr and Meitner Jan and Junghardt Johan

},

url = {www.frontiersin.org},

doi = {10.3389/feart.2021.607277},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-04-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},

volume = {9},

pages = {1},

publisher = {Frontiers},

abstract = {Landslides or landslide-induced impact waves in high mountain lakes represent a high hazard for society, calling for realistic assessments of rock slope stability responsible for the process chain initiation. This task is often hampered by complex interplays of triggers, which effects on slope stability may be delayed by decades or even millennia, while historical records describing slope topography or landslide occurrences are usually shorter and incomplete. This article builds on rarely available detailed historical data describing the site of the 2002 rock avalanche in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru. It caused a dangerous impact wave in the Safuna Alta Lake resulting in a minor flood, but ongoing downstream development significantly increased the risk of a comparable event. Pre-2002 and post-2002 failure slope topography, 70 years long history of glaciation and landslide occurrences were combined with non-invasive field geological surveys and laboratory geotechnical analyses to characterize the distinct morphological parts of the failed slope with reliable engineering geological slope models. Slope stability was calculated for a series of environmental scenarios providing insights into the 2002 rock avalanche failure mechanism and dynamics as well as the role of glacier slope support for its stability. Results show that the rock slope stability is governed by discontinuous slip planes where rock bridges represent the most likely additional resisting forces. The effect of glacier support on the slope stability is limited under full-water saturation of the rocks and due to specific morpho-structural conditions. Importance of the long-term, progressive deterioration of the rock slope strength under paraglacial environment and repeated seismic shaking is illustrated by the fact that even the Little Ice Age maximum glacier extend only had minor positive effect on the pre-2002 rock avalanche slope stability. Despite of that, the slope remained without a major failure for decades or possibly even centuries. Its collapse in 2002 caused retrogressive movements of the adjacent slope, which remains highly unstable until now. Therefore the future safety of the lake would largely benefit from the implementation of a reliable slope movement monitoring system.},

keywords = {Cordillera Blanca, factor of safety, glacier retreat, InSAR, Peru, rock mass characterization, slope stability},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Motschmann2020a,

title = {Losses and damages connected to glacier retreat in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru},

author = {Alina Motschmann and Christian Huggel and Mark Carey and Holly Moulton and Noah Walker-Crawford and Randy Muñoz},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10584-020-02770-x},

doi = {10.1007/s10584-020-02770-x},

issn = {15731480},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Climatic Change},

volume = {162},

number = {2},

pages = {837--858},

publisher = {Climatic Change},

abstract = {The mountain cryosphere is one of the strongest affected systems by climate change. Glacier shrinkage leads to cascading impacts, including changes in river flow regimes, availability of water resources for downstream populations and economy, changes in the occurrence and severity of natural hazards, and cultural changes associated with landscape character and identity. In this study, we analyze impacts of mountain cryosphere change through a lens of Loss and Damage (L&D), a mechanism of international climate policy that tries to evaluate and reduce negative consequences of climate change for societies. We analyze the effects of climate change on glacier change, glacier lake formation and growth, hydrological regimes, and associated impacts on human societies in the Cordillera Blanca in the Peruvian Andes, now and under future scenarios. We use various methods such as literature review, glacial lake outburst flood, and hydrologic modeling to examine three major dimensions of cryospheric change and associated human impacts: (i) ice loss; (ii) glacial hazards; and (iii) variability of water availability. We identify the damage and losses in terms of the number of people affected by glacial hazards, monetized agricultural crop loss due to water loss, and non-economic values local people attribute to glacier loss. We find that different levels of warming have important negative but differentiated effects on natural and human systems. We also contend that the extent of loss and damage will largely be determined by governance and adaptation decisions such as water resource management and disaster risk management. We suggest that these lines of evidence are more explicitly taken into account in L&D policies.},

keywords = {Cordillera Blanca, glacier shrinkage, Loss and damage, Mountain cryosphere, Peru},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}