@article{Menk2022,

title = {What's at stake? A human well-being based proposal for assessing risk of loss and damage from climate change},

author = {Linda Menk and Thomas Schinko and Veronica Karabaczek and Isabel Hagen and Stefan Kienberger},

doi = {10.3389/FCLIM.2022.1032886/BIBTEX},

issn = {26249553},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Climate},

volume = {4},

pages = {1032886},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

abstract = {Current scientific discourse on the assessment of loss and damage from climate change focuses primarily on what is straightforwardly quantifiable, such as monetary value, numbers of casualties, or destroyed homes. However, the range of possible harms induced by climate change is much broader, particularly as regards residual risks that occur beyond limits to adaptation. In international climate policy, this has been institutionalized within the Loss and Damage discourse, which emphasizes the importance of non-economic loss and damage (NELD). Nevertheless, NELDs are often neglected in loss and damage assessments, being intangible and difficult to quantify. As a consequence, to date, no systematic concept or indicator framework exists that integrates market-based and non-market-based loss and damage. In this perspective, we suggest assessing risk of loss and damage using a climate change risk and vulnerability assessment (CRVA) framework: the Impact Chain method. This highly adaptable method has proven successful in unraveling complex risks in socio-ecological systems through a combination of engaging (political) stakeholders and performing quantitative data analysis. We suggest expanding the framework's logic to include not only the sources but also the consequences of risk by conceptualizing loss and damage as harm to nine domains of human well-being. Our approach is consistent with the risk conceptualization by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Conceptualization and systematic assessment of the full spectrum of imminent loss and damage allows a more comprehensive anticipation of potential impacts on human well-being, identifying vulnerable groups and providing essential evidence for transformative and comprehensive climate risk management.},

keywords = {climate change, human well-being, indicators, Loss and damage, NELD, risk assessment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Motschmann2020a,

title = {Losses and damages connected to glacier retreat in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru},

author = {Alina Motschmann and Christian Huggel and Mark Carey and Holly Moulton and Noah Walker-Crawford and Randy Muñoz},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10584-020-02770-x},

doi = {10.1007/s10584-020-02770-x},

issn = {15731480},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Climatic Change},

volume = {162},

number = {2},

pages = {837--858},

publisher = {Climatic Change},

abstract = {The mountain cryosphere is one of the strongest affected systems by climate change. Glacier shrinkage leads to cascading impacts, including changes in river flow regimes, availability of water resources for downstream populations and economy, changes in the occurrence and severity of natural hazards, and cultural changes associated with landscape character and identity. In this study, we analyze impacts of mountain cryosphere change through a lens of Loss and Damage (L&D), a mechanism of international climate policy that tries to evaluate and reduce negative consequences of climate change for societies. We analyze the effects of climate change on glacier change, glacier lake formation and growth, hydrological regimes, and associated impacts on human societies in the Cordillera Blanca in the Peruvian Andes, now and under future scenarios. We use various methods such as literature review, glacial lake outburst flood, and hydrologic modeling to examine three major dimensions of cryospheric change and associated human impacts: (i) ice loss; (ii) glacial hazards; and (iii) variability of water availability. We identify the damage and losses in terms of the number of people affected by glacial hazards, monetized agricultural crop loss due to water loss, and non-economic values local people attribute to glacier loss. We find that different levels of warming have important negative but differentiated effects on natural and human systems. We also contend that the extent of loss and damage will largely be determined by governance and adaptation decisions such as water resource management and disaster risk management. We suggest that these lines of evidence are more explicitly taken into account in L&D policies.},

keywords = {Cordillera Blanca, glacier shrinkage, Loss and damage, Mountain cryosphere, Peru},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Huggel2019,

title = {Loss and Damage in the mountain cryosphere},

author = {Christian Huggel and Veruska Muccione and Mark Carey and Rachel James and Christine Jurt and Reinhard Mechler},

doi = {10.1007/s10113-018-1385-8},

issn = {1436378X},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Regional Environmental Change},

volume = {19},

number = {5},

pages = {1387--1399},

publisher = {Regional Environmental Change},

abstract = {The mountain cryosphere, which includes glaciers, permafrost, and snow, is one of the Earth's systems most strongly affected by climate change. In recent decades, changes in the cryosphere have been well documented in many high-mountain regions. While there are some benefits from snow and ice loss, the negative impacts, including from glacier lake outburst floods and variations in glacier runoff, are generally considered to far outweigh the positive impacts, particularly if cultural impacts are considered. In international climate policy, there has been growing momentum to address the negative impacts of climate change, or ‘Loss and Damage' (L&D) from climate change. It is not clear exactly what can and should be done to tackle L&D, but researchers and practitioners are beginning to engage with policy discussions and develop potential frameworks and supporting information. Despite the strong impact of climate change on the mountain cryosphere, there has been limited interaction between cryosphere researchers and L&D. Therefore, little work has been done to consider how L&D in the mountain cryosphere might be conceptualized, categorized, and assessed. Here, we make a first attempt to analyze L&D in the mountain cryosphere by conducting a systematic literature review to extract L&D impacts and examples from existing literature. We find that L&D is a global phenomenon in the mountain cryosphere and has been more frequently documented in the developing world, both in relation with slow and sudden onset processes. We develop a categorization of L&D, making distinctions between physical and societal impacts, primary and secondary impacts, and identifying seven types of L&D (including L&D to culture, livelihoods, revenue, natural resources, life, and security). We hope this conceptual approach will support future work to understand and address L&D in the mountain cryosphere.},

keywords = {Climate change impacts, Loss and damage, Mountain cryosphere, Risks},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}