@article{CortesRamos2019,

title = {Evolution of the largest glacier in Mexico (Glaciar Norte) since the 50s: factors driving glacier retreat*},

author = {J Cortés-Ramos and H Delgado-Granados and C Huggel and G Ontiveros-González},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074361748&doi=10.1080%2f04353676.2019.1675465&partnerID=40&md5=69812c48ac0aaf83eb10056bd286cdc8},

doi = {10.1080/04353676.2019.1675465},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography},

volume = {101},

number = {4},

pages = {350-373},

abstract = {The evolution of Mexican glaciers (19° N) in the climate context is poorly understood despite these glaciers are important indicators of regional climate change. The detailed patterns of glacier recession since the Little Ice Age (LIA) have exacerbated during the past years and decades. Their relationship to local and regional climate change needs further analysis. This study compares the changes of the largest glacier in Mexico, Glaciar Norte (GN), on Citlaltépetl Volcano with temperature, precipitation, and surface energy balance variations that were considered as part of climate forcing. Area, length, elevation, equilibrium line altitude (ELA), and thickness were calculated from historical and satellite data sets and a high-resolution Digital Elevation Model. The results showed that during the 1990s, prevailing warm and variable dry conditions enhanced the glacier retreat, triggering the disappearance of Jamapa glacier tongue. The glacier length has changed at the rate of −20.7 m a−1 since 1958. ELA varied from 4999 m a.s.l. in 1958–5228 m a.s.l. in 2017. A short period of snow accumulation from 2007 to 2009 was found when the annual temperature over GN showed a noticeable negative trend similar to that for the accumulated surface energy balance. The surface energy balance was conclusive on the response of GN to stability or accumulation periods. Finally, the long-term variation of temperature was the only factor found forcing the glacier retreat. Assuming that the retreat rate (−0.02 km a−1) and climate tendencies remained constant (0.1°C/decade), GN could disappear towards the middle of the twenty-first century. © 2019, © 2019 Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography.},

note = {cited By 0},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Reinthaler2019,

title = {Area changes of glaciers on active volcanoes in Latin America between 1986 and 2015 observed from multi-temporal satellite imagery},

author = {J Reinthaler and F Paul and H D Granados and A Rivera and C Huggel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066414820&doi=10.1017%2fjog.2019.30&partnerID=40&md5=7a38dbd84d51001803a03e3eac5bc08d},

doi = {10.1017/jog.2019.30},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Glaciology},

volume = {65},

number = {252},

pages = {542-556},

abstract = {Glaciers on active volcanoes are subject to changes in both climate fluctuations and volcanic activity. Whereas many studies analysed changes on individual volcanoes, this study presents for the first time a comparison of glacier changes on active volcanoes on a continental scale. Glacier areas were mapped for 59 volcanoes across Latin America around 1986, 1999 and 2015 using a semi-automated band ratio method combined with manual editing using satellite images from Landsat 4/5/7/8 and Sentinel-2. Area changes were compared with the Smithsonian volcano database to analyse possible glacier-volcano interactions. Over the full period, the mapped area changed from 1399.3 ± 80 km2 to 1016.1 ± 34 km2 (-383.2 km2) or -27.4% (-0.92% a-1) in relative terms. Small glaciers, especially in tropical regions lost more of their area compared to large and extra-tropical glaciers. Interestingly, 46 out of 59 analysed glaciers (78%) showed a decelerating shrinkage rate in the second period (-1.20% a-1 before 1999 and -0.70% a-1 after 1999). We found a slightly higher (but statistically not significant) area loss rate (-1.03% a-1) for glaciers on volcanoes with eruptions than without (-0.86% a-1). © The Author(s) 2019.},

note = {cited By 2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Cuesta2019a,

title = {New land in the Neotropics: a review of biotic community, ecosystem, and landscape transformations in the face of climate and glacier change},

author = {F Cuesta and L D Llambí and C Huggel and F Drenkhan and W D Gosling and P Muriel and R Jaramillo and C Tovar},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065300535&doi=10.1007%2fs10113-019-01499-3&partnerID=40&md5=d19c80104809f4d20fd0b3aaeee9684c},

doi = {10.1007/s10113-019-01499-3},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Regional Environmental Change},

volume = {19},

number = {6},

pages = {1623-1642},

abstract = {The high tropical Andes are rapidly changing due to climate change, leading to strong biotic community, ecosystem, and landscape transformations. While a wealth of glacier, water resource, and ecosystem-related research exists, an integrated perspective on the drivers and processes of glacier, landscape, and biota dynamics is currently missing. Here, we address this gap by presenting an interdisciplinary review that analyzes past, current, and potential future evidence on climate and glacier driven changes in landscape, ecosystem and biota at different spatial scales. We first review documented glacier changes and landscape evolution over past decades to millennia and analyze projected future glacier shrinkage until 2100 for two case studies in the tropical Andes. The effects of climate and glacier change on high Andean biota are then examined from paleoecological research and comparative gradient analyses to chronosequence and diachronic studies of vegetation dynamics. Our analysis indicates major twenty-first century landscape transformations with important socioecological implications which can be grouped into (i) formation of new lakes and drying of existing lakes as glaciers recede, (ii) alteration of hydrological dynamics in glacier-fed streams and high Andean wetlands, resulting in community composition changes, (iii) upward shifts of species and formation of new communities in deglaciated forefronts,(iv) potential loss of wetland ecosystems, and (v) eventual loss of alpine biota. We advocate strengthening an interdisciplinary research agenda with a strong policy formulation link that enables enhanced cross-sectorial cooperation and knowledge sharing, capacity building of relevant stakeholders, and a more active participation of both government agencies and social organizations. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.},

note = {cited By 3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Adler2019,

title = {Climate change in the mountain cryosphere: impacts and responses},

author = {C Adler and C Huggel and B Orlove and A Nolin},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065697980&doi=10.1007%2fs10113-019-01507-6&partnerID=40&md5=9d03f80402e075706f9f224087b3efb9},

doi = {10.1007/s10113-019-01507-6},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Regional Environmental Change},

volume = {19},

number = {5},

pages = {1225-1228},

note = {cited By 1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Frank2019,

title = {Landslides and increased debris-flow activity: A systematic comparison of six catchments in Switzerland},

author = {F Frank and C Huggel and B W McArdell and A Vieli},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056905909&doi=10.1002%2fesp.4524&partnerID=40&md5=8f401c51d6d03ecffe22ce3003cfbca0},

doi = {10.1002/esp.4524},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},

volume = {44},

number = {3},

pages = {699-712},

abstract = {An increase in debris-flow frequency is expected in steep Alpine catchments after the occurrence of a large landslide, such as a rock avalanche. Herein we describe changes in debris-flow activity following increases in sediment availability due to landslides, or accelerated rock-glacier movement, for five catchments in the Swiss Alps, the Spreitgraben, Schipfenbach, Bondasca, Riascio, and Dorfbach catchments. Documentation on debris-flow activity is available from both before and after the landslide that generated the new sediment deposits. Data from nearby meteorological stations were used to explore possible changes in rainfall activity, and how the intensity and duration of rainfall events may have changed. In all cases there was a considerable increase in debris-flows frequency for one to eight years following the landslide. The annual number of days with debris-flow activity following the landslide was similar to that observed for the Illgraben catchment, where many such landslides occur annually. No clear change in precipitation totals preceding debris flows was apparent for the Riascio catchment, suggesting that the increase in frequency of debris flows is related to the increase in the amount of sediment that can be readily mobilized. In the two cases where rainfall data were available on an hourly basis, no systematic changes in the intensity or duration of rainfall related to debris-flow triggering were apparent, as shown by the close-clustering of storms on the intensity-duration plots. Following the sediment-generating event, an initial and sudden increase of the sediment yield was observed, followed by a decrease over time towards pre-disturbance values. The response of the catchments appears to be related to the amount of debris-flow activity prior to the landslide: sediment yield from catchments with frequent debris flows prior to the landslide activity did not increase as dramatically as in catchments where debris-flow activity was less common prior to the landslide. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},

note = {cited By 2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bueechi2019a,

title = {Regional-scale landslide susceptibility modelling in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru—a comparison of different approaches},

author = {E Bueechi and J Klimeš and H Frey and C Huggel and T Strozzi and A Cochachin},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055695245&doi=10.1007%2fs10346-018-1090-1&partnerID=40&md5=130082890be85257fe6feebdfd6ff99b},

doi = {10.1007/s10346-018-1090-1},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Landslides},

volume = {16},

number = {2},

pages = {395-407},

abstract = {This study applied existing methods of landslide susceptibility modelling of the mountainous area of the Cordillera Blanca (Peru), which is prone to landslides. In heterogeneous regions as in the Cordillera Blanca, the performance of a physically based approach Stability Index Mapping (SINMAP) was compared to empirical statistical models using logistic regression and a landslide density model. All models were applied to three different digital elevation models (DEMs): ASTER GDEM, SRTM (both 30-m spatial resolution), and TanDEM-X (12-m spatial resolution). Obtained results were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) approach, once for a landslide inventory which extends over the whole study area and once using an inventory of a smaller area. The physically based approach (AUCs between 0.567 and 0.625) performed worse than the statistical models (AUCs from 0.672 to 0.759) over the large area. Additionally, all models received higher performances within the small area. This coincided with differences of the variability of the DEM-derived characteristics (e.g. slope angle and curvature) from the small to the large evaluation area. Using the smaller evaluation area, all models received higher AUC values (0.743–0.799), and the impact of the DEMs was less visible. The analysis of the susceptibility showed that mainly the same slopes are considered as most or least susceptible by all models, but SINMAP is classifying larger areas as unstable or stable. Overall, this study showed that regional-scale landslide susceptibility modelling can lead to reasonable results even in regions with scarce model input data, but performances of different DEMs and models need to be evaluated carefully. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.},

note = {cited By 3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Muccione2018,

title = {Climate change research in bilateral development programmes: experiences from India and Peru},

author = {Veruska Muccione and Boris Orlowsky and Simon K Allen and Christian Huggel and Nadine Salzmann and Nilton Montoya and Surjeet Singh Randhawa and Markus Stoffel},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09614524.2018.1559799},

doi = {10.1080/09614524.2018.1559799},

issn = {0961-4524, 1364-9213},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-12-01},

urldate = {2019-01-18},

journal = {Development in Practice},

volume = {29},

number = {3},

pages = {1--13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IribarrenAnacona2018,

title = {Dynamics of an outburst flood originating from a small and high-altitude glacier in the Arid Andes of Chile},

author = {Pablo {Iribarren Anacona} and Kevin Norton and Andrew Mackintosh and Fernando Escobar and Simon Allen and Bruno Mazzorana and Marius Schaefer},

url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11069-018-3376-y},

doi = {10.1007/s11069-018-3376-y},

issn = {0921-030X},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-10-01},

journal = {Natural Hazards},

volume = {94},

number = {1},

pages = {93--119},

publisher = {Springer Netherlands},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Allen2018a,

title = {Translating the concept of climate risk into an assessment framework to inform adaptation planning: Insights from a pilot study of flood risk in Himachal Pradesh, Northern India},

author = {S K Allen and J Ballesteros-Canovas and S S Randhawa and A K Singha and C Huggel and M Stoffel},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901117309875},

doi = {10.1016/J.ENVSCI.2018.05.013},

issn = {1462-9011},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-09-01},

journal = {Environmental Science & Policy},

volume = {87},

pages = {1--10},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Climate risk assessments provide the basis for identifying those areas and people that have been, or potentially will be, most affected by the adverse impacts of climate change. They allow hot-spots to be identified, and serve as input for the prioritization and design of adaptation actions. Over recent years, at the level of international climate science and policy, there has been a shift in the conceptualization of vulnerability toward emergence of ‘climate risk' as a central concept. Despite this shift, few studies have operationalized these latest concepts to deliver assessment results at local, national, or regional scales, and clarity is lacking. Drawing from a pilot study conducted in the Indian Himalayas we demonstrate how core components of hazard, vulnerability, and exposure have been integrated to assess flood risk at two different scales, and critically discuss how these results have fed into adaptation planning. Firstly, within a state-wide assessment of glacial lake outburst flood risk, proxy indicators of exposure and vulnerability were combined with worst-case scenario modelling of the outburst hazard. At this scale, first-order assessment results are coarse, but have guided the design of monitoring strategies and other low-regret adaptation actions. Secondly, an assessment of seasonal monsoon and cloudburst-related flood risk was undertaken for individual mapped elements exposed along the main river valleys of Kullu district, drawing on innovative techniques using dendrogeomorphology to reconstruct potential flood magnitudes. Results at this scale have allowed specific adaptation strategies to be targeted towards hot-spots of risk. A comprehensive risk assessment must integrate across disciplines of physical and social science, to provide the necessary robust foundation for adaptation planning.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Frey2018,

title = {Multi-Source Glacial Lake Outburst Flood Hazard Assessment and Mapping for Huaraz, Cordillera Blanca, Peru},

author = {Holger Frey and Christian Huggel and Rachel E Chisolm and Patrick Baer and Brian McArdell and Alejo Cochachin and Cesar Portocarrero},

doi = {10.3389/feart.2018.00210},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},

volume = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Drenkhan2018,

title = {Current and future glacier and lake assessment in the deglaciating Vilcanota-Urubamba basin, Peruvian Andes},

author = {Fabian Drenkhan and Luc{'i}a Guardamino and Christian Huggel and Holger Frey},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.07.005},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Global and Planetary Change},

volume = {169},

pages = {105--118},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Barriga2018,

title = {Multi-Purpose Projects for Water Resources Management in the Tropcial Andes: participatory-based approaches},

author = {Lesly Barriga and Fabian Drenkhan and Christian Huggel},

url = {http://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/espacioydesarrollo/article/view/20545},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Espacio y Desarrollo},

volume = {32},

pages = {7--28},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mergili2018,

title = {Computational experiments on the 1962 and 1970 landslide events at Huascarán (Peru) with r.avaflow: Lessons learned for predictive mass flow simulations},

author = {M Mergili and B Frank and J -T Fischer and C Huggel and S P Pudasaini},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052655811&doi=10.1016%2fj.geomorph.2018.08.032&partnerID=40&md5=1d7df61694a44c5da0f4b7fbae15f352},

doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.08.032},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Geomorphology},

volume = {322},

pages = {15-28},

abstract = {Mass flow simulations are considered important tools for hazard analysis. For the simulation of single process mass flows such as debris flows, robust tools and reasonable parameter range estimates are available. However, this is much less the case for more complex mass flows, e.g. involving process chains and flow transformation. We explore the challenges of simulating complex flow-dominated landslides by back-calculating the Huascarán events of 1962 and 1970 with r.avaflow, a two-phase mass flow model (Pudasaini, 2012) in a GIS-based open source simulation framework. Both events started as rock-ice falls on the western slope of the north summit of Nevado Huascarán (Cordillera Blanca, Peru) and entrained large volumes of glacial till at lower elevation, resulting in highly mobile debris avalanches. Whereas the 1962 event badly affected the village of Ranrahirca when spreading over a debris cone, the 1970 event overtopped a ridge and led to the complete destruction of the town of Yungay. Well documented in the literature, these events provide an opportunity as a natural laboratory for testing innovative mass flow simulation tools and their features. In a first step, we consider (i) the 1962 event and (ii) the 1970 event separately, for each of them optimizing the key input parameters in terms of empirical adequacy. In a second step, we apply the optimized parameter set for (i) to the 1970 event and the parameter set derived for (ii) to the 1962 event. In a third step, we explore the sensitivity of the model outcomes to selected key parameters (basal friction angle and entrainment coefficient). The results (a) demonstrate the general ability of r.avaflow to reproduce the spatio-temporal evolution of flow heights and velocities as well as travel times and volumes of these complex mass flow events reasonably well; and (b) highlight the challenges and uncertainties involved in predictive simulations with parameter sets obtained from back-calculations. We suggest a strategy to appropriately deal with uncertain outcomes by superimposing the results of multiple simulations. © 2018 The Authors},

note = {cited By 21},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Strozzi2018a,

title = {Satellite SAR interferometry for the improved assessment of the state of activity of landslides: A case study from the Cordilleras of Peru},

author = {T Strozzi and J Klimeš and H Frey and R Caduff and C Huggel and U Wegmüller and A C Rapre},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051411956&doi=10.1016%2fj.rse.2018.08.014&partnerID=40&md5=ed7b88e6ed042e6af798778cd56ab5f5},

doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2018.08.014},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},

volume = {217},

pages = {111-125},

abstract = {In Peru landslides have been causing damages and casualties annually due to the high mountain relief and distinct seasonal precipitation distribution. Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry represents one possibility for mapping surface deformation at fine spatial resolution over large areas in order to characterize aspects of terrain motion and potentially hazardous processes. We present land surface motion maps derived from satellite SAR interferometry (InSAR) for a part of the Santa River Basin between the Cordilleras Blanca and Negra around the city of Carhuaz in Peru. Using both Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) and differential SAR Interferograms (DInSAR) from ALOS-1 PALSAR-1, ENVISAT ASAR, ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 and Sentinel-1 we mapped 42 landslides extending over 17,190,141 m2 within three classes of activity (i.e. 0–2 cm/a, 2–10 cm/a and >10 cm/a). A geomorphological inventory of landslides was prepared from optical satellite imagery and field experience and compared to the InSAR-based slope-instability inventory. The two approaches provide slightly different information about landslide spatial and temporal activity patterns, but altogether they can be combined for the assessment of the state of activity of landslides and possibly the development of hazard maps, which are not systematically available in this region. We conclude that ALOS PALSAR (1 and 2) and Sentinel-1 data have a high potential to derive high-quality surface deformation information of landslides in many mountainous regions worldwide due to their global and frequent acquisition strategies. © 2018},

note = {cited By 13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Azmat2018,

title = {Future climate and cryosphere impacts on the hydrology of a scarcely gauged catchment on the Jhelum river basin, Northern Pakistan},

author = {M Azmat and M U Qamar and C Huggel and E Hussain},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047266194&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2018.05.206&partnerID=40&md5=33526d4eae170adb41b04e069a4035c1},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.206},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {639},

pages = {961-976},

abstract = {Streamflow projections are fundamental sources for future water resources strategic planning and management, particularly in high-altitude scarcely-gauged basins located in high mountain Asia. Therefore, quantification of the climate change impacts on major hydrological components (evapotranspiration, soil water storage, snowmelt-runoff, rainfall-runoff and streamflow) is of high importance and remains a challenge. For this purpose, we analysed general circulation models (GCMs) using a multiple bias correction approach and two different hydrological models i.e. the Hydrological Modelling System (HEC-HMS) and the Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM), to examine the impact of climate change on the hydrological behaviour of the Jhelum River basin. Based on scrutiny, climate projections using four best fit CMIP5 GCMs (i.e. BCC-CSM1.1, INMCM4, IPSL-CM5A-LR and CMCC-CMS) were chosen by evaluating linear scaling, local intensity scaling (LOCI) and distribution mapping (DM) approaches at twenty climate stations. Subsequently, after calibration and validation of HEC-HMS and SRM at five streamflow gauging stations, the bias corrected projected climate data was integrated with HEC-HMS and SRM to simulate projected streamflow. Results demonstrate that the DM approach fitted the projections best. The climate projections exhibited maximum intra-annual rises in precipitation by 183.2 mm (12.74%) during the monsoon for RCP4.5 and a rise in Tmin (Tmax) by 4.77 °C (4.42 °C) during pre-monsoon, for RCP8.5 during 2090s. The precipitation and temperature rise is expected to expedite and increase snowmelt-runoff up to 48% and evapotranspiration and soil water storage up to 45%. The projections exhibited significant increases in streamflows by 330 m3/s (22.6%) for HEC-HMS and 449 m3/s (30.7%) for SRM during the pre-monfaf0000soon season by the 2090s under RCP8.5. Overall, our results reveal that the pre-monsoon season is potentially utmost affected under scenario-periods, and consequently, which has the potential to alter the precipitation and flow regime of the Jhelum River basin due to significant early snow- and glacier-melt. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {cited By 10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Allen2018,

title = {Translating the concept of climate risk into an assessment framework to inform adaptation planning: Insights from a pilot study of flood risk in Himachal Pradesh, Northern India},

author = {S K Allen and J Ballesteros-Canovas and S S Randhawa and A K Singha and C Huggel and M Stoffel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047397751&doi=10.1016%2fj.envsci.2018.05.013&partnerID=40&md5=76806996e809f2101e895fafce3b6e1b},

doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2018.05.013},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Science and Policy},

volume = {87},

pages = {1-10},

abstract = {Climate risk assessments provide the basis for identifying those areas and people that have been, or potentially will be, most affected by the adverse impacts of climate change. They allow hot-spots to be identified, and serve as input for the prioritization and design of adaptation actions. Over recent years, at the level of international climate science and policy, there has been a shift in the conceptualization of vulnerability toward emergence of ‘climate risk’ as a central concept. Despite this shift, few studies have operationalized these latest concepts to deliver assessment results at local, national, or regional scales, and clarity is lacking. Drawing from a pilot study conducted in the Indian Himalayas we demonstrate how core components of hazard, vulnerability, and exposure have been integrated to assess flood risk at two different scales, and critically discuss how these results have fed into adaptation planning. Firstly, within a state-wide assessment of glacial lake outburst flood risk, proxy indicators of exposure and vulnerability were combined with worst-case scenario modelling of the outburst hazard. At this scale, first-order assessment results are coarse, but have guided the design of monitoring strategies and other low-regret adaptation actions. Secondly, an assessment of seasonal monsoon and cloudburst-related flood risk was undertaken for individual mapped elements exposed along the main river valleys of Kullu district, drawing on innovative techniques using dendrogeomorphology to reconstruct potential flood magnitudes. Results at this scale have allowed specific adaptation strategies to be targeted towards hot-spots of risk. A comprehensive risk assessment must integrate across disciplines of physical and social science, to provide the necessary robust foundation for adaptation planning. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {cited By 9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mergili2018a,

title = {How well can we simulate complex hydro-geomorphic process chains? The 2012 multi-lake outburst flood in the Santa Cruz Valley (Cordillera Blanca, Perú)},

author = {M Mergili and A Emmer and A Juřicová and A Cochachin and J -T Fischer and C Huggel and S P Pudasaini},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040690668&doi=10.1002%2fesp.4318&partnerID=40&md5=0f42264ed54ddb7a121afc70878c4f0f},

doi = {10.1002/esp.4318},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},

volume = {43},

number = {7},

pages = {1373-1389},

abstract = {Changing high-mountain environments are characterized by destabilizing ice, rock or debris slopes connected to evolving glacial lakes. Such configurations may lead to potentially devastating sequences of mass movements (process chains or cascades). Computer simulations are supposed to assist in anticipating the possible consequences of such phenomena in order to reduce the losses. The present study explores the potential of the novel computational tool r.avaflow for simulating complex process chains. r.avaflow employs an enhanced version of the Pudasaini () general two-phase mass flow model, allowing consideration of the interactions between solid and fluid components of the flow. We back-calculate an event that occurred in 2012 when a landslide from a moraine slope triggered a multi-lake outburst flood in the Artizón and Santa Cruz valleys, Cordillera Blanca, Peru, involving four lakes and a substantial amount of entrained debris along the path. The documented and reconstructed flow patterns are reproduced in a largely satisfactory way in the sense of empirical adequacy. However, small variations in the uncertain parameters can fundamentally influence the behaviour of the process chain through threshold effects and positive feedbacks. Forward simulations of possible future cascading events will rely on more comprehensive case and parameter studies, but particularly on the development of appropriate strategies for decision-making based on uncertain simulation results. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},

note = {cited By 48},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Harrison2018,

title = {Climate change and the global pattern of moraine-dammed glacial lake outburst floods},

author = {S Harrison and J S Kargel and C Huggel and J Reynolds and D H Shugar and R A Betts and A Emmer and N Glasser and U K Haritashya and J Klimeš and L Reinhardt and Y Schaub and A Wiltshire and D Regmi and V Vilímek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045256182&doi=10.5194%2ftc-12-1195-2018&partnerID=40&md5=8b67c066d5277d8a10f597b172c51a94},

doi = {10.5194/tc-12-1195-2018},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Cryosphere},

volume = {12},

number = {4},

pages = {1195-1209},

abstract = {Despite recent research identifying a clear anthropogenic impact on glacier recession, the effect of recent climate change on glacier-related hazards is at present unclear. Here we present the first global spatio-temporal assessment of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) focusing explicitly on lake drainage following moraine dam failure. These floods occur as mountain glaciers recede and downwaste. GLOFs can have an enormous impact on downstream communities and infrastructure. Our assessment of GLOFs associated with the rapid drainage of moraine-dammed lakes provides insights into the historical trends of GLOFs and their distributions under current and future global climate change. We observe a clear global increase in GLOF frequency and their regularity around 1930, which likely represents a lagged response to post-Little Ice Age warming. Notably, we also show that GLOF frequency and regularity - rather unexpectedly - have declined in recent decades even during a time of rapid glacier recession. Although previous studies have suggested that GLOFs will increase in response to climate warming and glacier recession, our global results demonstrate that this has not yet clearly happened. From an assessment of the timing of climate forcing, lag times in glacier recession, lake formation and moraine-dam failure, we predict increased GLOF frequencies during the next decades and into the 22nd century. © Author(s) 2018.},

note = {cited By 40},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kaeaeb2018,

title = {Massive collapse of two glaciers in western Tibet in 2016 after surge-like instability},

author = {A Kääb and S Leinss and A Gilbert and Y Bühler and S Gascoin and S G Evans and P Bartelt and E Berthier and F Brun and W -A Chao and D Farinotti and F Gimbert and W Guo and C Huggel and J S Kargel and G J Leonard and L Tian and D Treichler and T Yao},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040789600&doi=10.1038%2fs41561-017-0039-7&partnerID=40&md5=83c0c871eda37d9b4ec9b71bd23cbcbe},

doi = {10.1038/s41561-017-0039-7},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Nature Geoscience},

volume = {11},

number = {2},

pages = {114-120},

abstract = {Surges and glacier avalanches are expressions of glacier instability, and among the most dramatic phenomena in the mountain cryosphere. Until now, the catastrophic collapse of a glacier, combining the large volume of surges and mobility of ice avalanches, has been reported only for the 2002 130 × 106 m3 detachment of Kolka Glacier (Caucasus Mountains), which has been considered a globally singular event. Here, we report on the similar detachment of the entire lower parts of two adjacent glaciers in western Tibet in July and September 2016, leading to an unprecedented pair of giant low-angle ice avalanches with volumes of 68 ± 2 × 106 m3 and 83 ± 2 × 106 m3. On the basis of satellite remote sensing, numerical modelling and field investigations, we find that the twin collapses were caused by climate- and weather-driven external forcing, acting on specific polythermal and soft-bed glacier properties. These factors converged to produce surge-like enhancement of driving stresses and massively reduced basal friction connected to subglacial water and fine-grained bed lithology, to eventually exceed collapse thresholds in resisting forces of the tongues frozen to their bed. Our findings show that large catastrophic instabilities of low-angle glaciers can happen under rare circumstances without historical precedent. © 2018 The Authors 2017, under exclusive licence to Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature.},

note = {cited By 40},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rabatel2018,

title = {Toward an imminent extinction of Colombian glaciers?},

author = {A Rabatel and J L Ceballos and N Micheletti and E Jordan and M Braitmeier and J González and N Mölg and M Ménégoz and C Huggel and M Zemp},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85041566751&doi=10.1080%2f04353676.2017.1383015&partnerID=40&md5=359714d1080bc6e41e59e4bc68d6468f},

doi = {10.1080/04353676.2017.1383015},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography},

volume = {100},

number = {1},

pages = {75-95},

abstract = {This study documents the current state of glacier coverage in the Colombian Andes, the glacier shrinkage over the twentieth century and discusses indication of their disappearance in the coming decades. Satellite images have been used to update the glacier inventory of Colombia reflecting an overall glacier extent of about 42.4 ± 0.71 km2 in 2016 distributed in four glacierized mountain ranges. Combining these data with older inventories, we show that the current extent is 36% less than in the mid-1990s, 62% less than in the mid-twentieth century and almost 90% less than the Little Ice Age maximum extent. Focusing on Nevado Santa Isabel (Los Nevados National Park), aerial photographs from 1987 and 2005 combined with a terrestrial LiDAR survey show that the mass loss of the former ice cap, which is nowadays parceled into several small glaciers, was about −2.5 m w.e. yr−1 during the last three decades. Radar measurements performed on one of the remnant glaciers, La Conejeras glacier, show that the ice thickness is limited (about 22 m in average in 2014) and that with such a mass loss rate, the glacier should disappear in the coming years. Considering their imbalance with the current climate conditions, their limited altitudinal extent and reduced accumulation areas, and in view of temperature increase expected in future climate scenarios, most of the Colombian glaciers will likely disappear in the coming decades. Only the largest ones located on the highest summits will probably persist until the second half of the twenty-first century although very reduced. © 2017 Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography’.},

note = {cited By 9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Vuille2018,

title = {Rapid decline of snow and ice in the tropical Andes – Impacts, uncertainties and challenges ahead},

author = {M Vuille and M Carey and C Huggel and W Buytaert and A Rabatel and D Jacobsen and A Soruco and M Villacis and C Yarleque and O Elison Timm and T Condom and N Salzmann and J -E Sicart},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85033593436&doi=10.1016%2fj.earscirev.2017.09.019&partnerID=40&md5=671b2c61a39bd4d795aca6ab8fbe14a9},

doi = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.09.019},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Earth-Science Reviews},

volume = {176},

pages = {195-213},

abstract = {Glaciers in the tropical Andes have been retreating for the past several decades, leading to a temporary increase in dry season water supply downstream. Projected future glacier shrinkage, however, will lead to a long-term reduction in dry season river discharge from glacierized catchments. This glacier retreat is closely related to the observed increase in high-elevation, surface air temperature in the region. Future projections using a simple freezing level height- equilibrium-line altitude scaling approach suggest that glaciers in the inner tropics, such as Antizana in Ecuador, may be most vulnerable to future warming while glaciers in the more arid outer tropics, such as Zongo in Bolivia, may persist, albeit in a smaller size, throughout the 21st century regardless of emission scenario. Nonetheless many uncertainties persist, most notably problems with accurate snowfall measurements in the glacier accumulation zone, uncertainties in establishing accurate thickness measurements on glaciers, unknown future changes associated with local-scale circulation and cloud cover affecting glacier energy balance, the role of aerosols and in particular black carbon deposition on Andean glaciers, and the role of groundwater and aquifers interacting with glacier meltwater. The reduction in water supply for export-oriented agriculture, mining, hydropower production and human consumption are the most commonly discussed concerns associated with glacier retreat, but many other aspects including glacial hazards, tourism and recreation, and ecosystem integrity are also affected by glacier retreat. Social and political problems surrounding water allocation for subsistence farming have led to conflicts due to lack of adequate water governance. Local water management practices in many regions reflect cultural belief systems, perceptions and spiritual values and glacier retreat in some places is seen as a threat to these local livelihoods. Comprehensive adaptation strategies, if they are to be successful, therefore need to consider science, policy, culture and practice, and involve local populations. Planning needs to be based not only on future scenarios derived from physically-based numerical models, but must also consider societal needs, economic agendas, political conflicts, socioeconomic inequality and cultural values. This review elaborates on the need for adaptation as well as the challenges and constraints many adaptation projects are faced with, and lays out future directions where opportunities exist to develop successful, culturally acceptable and sustainable adaptation strategies. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {cited By 56},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Orlowsky2017,

title = {Climate corridors for strategic adaptation planning},

author = {Boris Orlowsky and Pierluigi Calanca and Irshad Ali and Jawad Ali and Agustin Elguera Hilares and Christian Huggel and Inamullah Khan and Raphael Neukom and Arjumand Nizami and Muhammad Abbas Qazi and Carmenza Robledo and Mario Rohrer and Nadine Salzmann and Kaspar Schmidt},

url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/10.1108/IJCCSM-12-2016-0183},

doi = {10.1108/IJCCSM-12-2016-0183},

issn = {1756-8692},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-11-01},

urldate = {2017-12-20},

journal = {International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management},

volume = {9},

number = {6},

pages = {811--828},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zemp2017,

title = {Historically unprecedented global glacier decline in the early 21st century },

author = {Michael Zemp and Holger Frey and Isabelle Gärtner-Roer and Samuel U Nussbaumer and Martin Hoelzle and Frank Paul and Wilfried Haeberli and Florian Denzinger and Andreas P Ahlstrøm and Brian Anderson and Samjwal Bajracharya and Carlo Baroni and Ludwig N Braun and Bol{'i}var E Cáceres and Gino Casassa and Guillermo Cobos and Luzmila R Dávila and Hugo Delgado Granados and Michael N Demuth and Lydia Espizua and Andrea Fischer and Koji Fujita and Bogdan Gadek and Ali Ghazanfar and Jon Ove Hagen and Per Holmlund and Neamat Karimi and Zhongqin Li and Mauri Pelto and Pierre Pitte and Victor V Popovnin and Cesar A Portocarrero and Rainer Prinz and Chandrashekhar V Sangewar and Igor Severskiy and Oddur Sigurđsson and Alvaro Soruco and Ryskul Usubaliev and Christian Vincent},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3189/2015JoG15J017},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-07-01},

journal = {Journal of Glaciology},

volume = {61},

number = {228},

pages = {745--762},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Farinotti2017,

title = {How accurate are estimates of glacier ice thickness? Results from ITMIX, the Ice Thickness Models Intercomparison eXperiment},

author = {Daniel Farinotti and Douglas J Brinkerhoff and Garry K C Clarke and Johannes J Fürst and Holger Frey and Prateek Gantayat and Fabien Gillet-Chaulet and Claire Girard and Matthias Huss and Paul W Leclercq and Andreas Linsbauer and Horst Machguth and Carlos Martin and Fabien Maussion and Mathieu Morlighem and Cyrille Mosbeux and Ankur Pandit and Andrea Portmann and Antoine RABATEL and RAAJ Ramsankaran and Thomas J Reerink and Olivier Sanchez and Peter A Stentoft and Sangita Singh Kumari and Ward J J van Pelt and Brian Anderson and Toby Benham and Daniel Binder and Julian A Dowdeswell and Andrea Fischer and Kay Helfricht and Stanislav Kutuzov and Ivan Lavrentiev and Robert McNabb and Hilmar G Gudmundsson and Huilin Li and Liss M Andreassen},

doi = {10.5194/tc-11-949-2017},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {The Cryosphere},

volume = {11},

number = {2},

pages = {949--970},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Muccione2017,

title = {Differentiating regions for adaptation financing: the role of global vulnerability and risk distributions},

author = {V Muccione and S K Allen and C Huggel and J Birkmann},

doi = {10.1002/wcc.447},

issn = {17577799},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change},

volume = {8},

number = {2},

abstract = {textcopyright 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. In the Paris Agreement, it is stated that country's vulnerability to climate change is a key factor to decide where and how to allocate adaptation funds. However, the distribution of available funds continues to be a controversial point of discussion. To inform this discussion, we look at how policy makers could be differentiating regions for financing countries adaptation needs. We synthesize the results of global vulnerability assessments and conclude that in spite of some agreement between global vulnerability distribution and current funding allocation based on income groups, climate vulnerability remains a nuanced and problematic concept. In a search for increased transparency to inform adaptation financing, we analyze the new risk approach brought forward in recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports. A main advantage of this new formulation is a clearer distinction between physical hazards and vulnerability, where vulnerability is solely driven by societal factors. Notwithstanding, the risk approach comes with some shortfalls, not least in terms of scale mismatches. This confirms that more efforts could be devoted in exploring appropriate scales (from both climatological and societal perspectives) and methodologies for embedding the vulnerability approach in a risk framework. However, a prevalent disconnect between science and policy on issues of adaptation financing has so far impeded the shift from earlier formulation of vulnerability to a risk concept in the policy arena. The IPCC has a pivotal role to play in filling this gap by leading a country-level assessment that can serve as a basis for prioritizing adaptation financing. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e447. doi: 10.1002/wcc.447. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Baer2017,

title = {Changing debris flow activity after sudden sediment input: a case study from the Swiss Alps},

author = {P Baer and C Huggel and B W McArdell and F Frank},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034984954&doi=10.1111%2fgto.12211&partnerID=40&md5=1035b8ae18cbda2027518eb982c74edf},

doi = {10.1111/gto.12211},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Geology Today},

volume = {33},

number = {6},

pages = {216-223},

abstract = {On 27 December 2011, a rock avalanche in the upper Val Bondasca in the southern Swiss Alps deposited 1.5–1.7 million m3 of rock debris. The following summer, debris flow activity in Val Bondasca was unusually high with four events after a 90-year period of debris flow inactivity. This was an exceptional situation for the valley. Analysing the 2012 events, the long-term record of meteorological conditions such as rainfall intensity and duration, in comparison with debris flow activity, suggests that the meteorological conditions in summer 2012 would not have triggered the high intensity debris flow events without additional sediment input. Consequently, the suddenly increased debris availability can be considered a major factor in these events. Interestingly, rainfall events of similar magnitude in the subsequent years 2013–2015 did not trigger additional debris flow events, indicating that debris flow initiation thresholds are increasing again, back towards pre-rock avalanche levels. This study aims to help in understanding the so far poorly understood temporal evolution of debris flow triggering thresholds and the effect of sudden changes in sediment availability. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Geologists' Association & The Geological Society of London},

note = {cited By 5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Haeberli2017,

title = {Increasing risks related to landslides from degrading permafrost into new lakes in de-glaciating mountain ranges},

author = {W Haeberli and Y Schaub and C Huggel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84959124745&doi=10.1016%2fj.geomorph.2016.02.009&partnerID=40&md5=cac7471b14cecbe99f4d7b96c4b357cd},

doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.02.009},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Geomorphology},

volume = {293},

pages = {405-417},

abstract = {While glacier volumes in most cold mountain ranges rapidly decrease due to continued global warming, degradation of permafrost at altitudes above and below glaciers is much slower. As a consequence, many still existing glacier and permafrost landscapes probably transform within decades into new landscapes of bare bedrock, loose debris, sparse vegetation, numerous new lakes and steep slopes with slowly degrading permafrost. These new landscapes are likely to persist for centuries if not millennia to come. During variable but mostly extended future time periods, such new landscapes will be characterized by pronounced disequilibria within their geo- and ecosystems. This especially involves long-term stability reduction of steep/icy mountain slopes as a slow and delayed reaction to stress redistribution following de-buttressing by vanishing glaciers and to changes in mechanical strength and hydraulic permeability caused by permafrost degradation. Thereby, the probability of far-reaching flood waves from large mass movements into lakes systematically increases with the formation of many new lakes and systems of lakes in close neighborhood to, or even directly at the foot of, so-affected slopes. Results of recent studies in the Swiss Alps are reviewed and complemented with examples from the Cordillera Blanca in Peru and the Mount Everest region in Nepal. Hot spots of future hazards from potential flood waves caused by large rock falls into new lakes can already now be recognized. To this end, integrated spatial information on glacier/permafrost evolution and lake formation can be used together with scenario-based models for rapid mass movements, impact waves and flood propagation. The resulting information must then be combined with exposure and vulnerability considerations related to settlements and infrastructure. This enables timely planning of risk reduction options. Such risk reduction options consist of two components: Mitigation of hazards, which in the present context are due to effects from climate change, and reduction in consequences, which result from societal conditions and changes. Hazard mitigation may include artificial lake drainage or lake-level lowering and flood retention, optimally in connection with multipurpose structures for hydropower production and/or irrigation. Reduction in damage potential (exposure, vulnerability) can be accomplished by installing early-warning systems, adapting spatial planning and/or by improving preparedness of local people and institutions. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {cited By 70},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Huss2017,

title = {Toward mountains without permanent snow and ice},

author = {M Huss and B Bookhagen and C Huggel and D Jacobsen and R S Bradley and J J Clague and M Vuille and W Buytaert and D R Cayan and G Greenwood and B G Mark and A M Milner and R Weingartner and M Winder},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019675395&doi=10.1002%2f2016EF000514&partnerID=40&md5=4e8a3d83a96f0eda74063923918e80ba},

doi = {10.1002/2016EF000514},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Earth's Future},

volume = {5},

number = {5},

pages = {418-435},

abstract = {The cryosphere in mountain regions is rapidly declining, a trend that is expected to accelerate over the next several decades due to anthropogenic climate change. A cascade of effects will result, extending from mountains to lowlands with associated impacts on human livelihood, economy, and ecosystems. With rising air temperatures and increased radiative forcing, glaciers will become smaller and, in some cases, disappear, the area of frozen ground will diminish, the ratio of snow to rainfall will decrease, and the timing and magnitude of both maximum and minimum streamflow will change. These changes will affect erosion rates, sediment, and nutrient flux, and the biogeochemistry of rivers and proglacial lakes, all of which influence water quality, aquatic habitat, and biotic communities. Changes in the length of the growing season will allow low-elevation plants and animals to expand their ranges upward. Slope failures due to thawing alpine permafrost, and outburst floods from glacier- and moraine-dammed lakes will threaten downstream populations. Societies even well beyond the mountains depend on meltwater from glaciers and snow for drinking water supplies, irrigation, mining, hydropower, agriculture, and recreation. Here, we review and, where possible, quantify the impacts of anticipated climate change on the alpine cryosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, and consider the implications for adaptation to a future of mountains without permanent snow and ice. © 2017 The Authors.},

note = {cited By 97},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nussbaumer2017,

title = {Glacier Monitoring and Capacity Building: Important Ingredients for Sustainable Mountain Development},

author = {S U Nussbaumer and M Hoelzle and F Hüsler and C Huggel and N Salzmann and M Zemp},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014081103&doi=10.1659%2fMRD-JOURNAL-D-15-00038.1&partnerID=40&md5=ce66e4fd5075ddf70fe038a5e5c78b26},

doi = {10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-15-00038.1},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Mountain Research and Development},

volume = {37},

number = {1},

pages = {141-152},

abstract = {Glacier observation data from major mountain regions of the world are key to improving our understanding of glacier changes: they deliver fundamental baseline information for climatological, hydrological, and hazard assessments. In many mountain ecosystems, as well as in the adjacent lowlands, glaciers play a crucial role in freshwater provision and regulation. This article first presents the state of the art on glacier monitoring and related strategies within the framework of the Global Terrestrial Network for Glaciers (GTN-G). Both in situ measurements of changes in glacier mass, volume, and length as well as remotely sensed data on glacier extents and changes over entire mountain ranges provide clear indications of climate change. Based on experiences from capacity-building activities undertaken in the Tropical Andes and Central Asia over the past years, we also review the state of the art on institutional capacity in these regions and make further recommendations for sustainable mountain development. The examples from Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Kyrgyzstan demonstrate that a sound understanding of measurement techniques and of the purpose of measurements is necessary for successful glacier monitoring. In addition, establishing durable institutions, capacity-building programs, and related funding is necessary to ensure that glacier monitoring is sustainable and maintained in the long term. Therefore, strengthening regional cooperation, collaborating with local scientists and institutions, and enhancing knowledge sharing and dialogue are envisaged within the GTN-G. Finally, glacier monitoring enhances the resilience of the populations that depend on water resources from glacierized mountains or that are affected by hazards related to glacier changes. We therefore suggest that glacier monitoring be included in the development of sustainable adaptation strategies in regions with glaciated mountains. © 2017 Nussbaumer et al. This open access article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (.},

note = {cited By 5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Moelg2017,

title = {Ten years of monthly mass balance of conejeras glacier, Colombia, and their evaluation using different interpolation methods},

author = {N Mölg and J L Ceballos and C Huggel and N Micheletti and A Rabatel and M Zemp},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85044346356&doi=10.1080%2f04353676.2017.1297678&partnerID=40&md5=d0ceee5d40374fe203eafa02a1a43202},

doi = {10.1080/04353676.2017.1297678},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography},

volume = {99},

number = {2},

pages = {155-176},

abstract = {Understanding global climate change and its impacts on glaciers in the inner tropics is challenged by an absent climate seasonality that requires glacier monitoring at increased frequencies. Conejeras glacier in Colombia has been monitored monthly for 10 years, contributing to the limited knowledge of glacier mass development in this region. We acquired a terrestrial Lidar digital elevation model (DEM) and performed a full homogenization of the time series. Applying a number of interpolation methods, we calculated glacier-wide balances and deduced respective uncertainties. All interpolation methods revealed comparable variations in monthly surface mass balance, but the profile method failed in certain cases. We recommend using the Index-site method for monthly and annual and the Contour-line method for annual surface mass balances. Even when strongly reducing the stake network, the Index-site method and geostatistical interpolations (Kriging and Topo to Raster) showed robust and reliable results. Conejeras glacier is strongly downwasting with a mass loss of 29 400 mm w.e. and an area shrinkage of 20% within 10 years. Surface mass balance variations were strongest from November to February and depend largely on the intensity of El Niño Southern Oscillation. With a repeat DEM in the near future the glaciological time series could be validated with the geodetic mass balance. We recommend continuing the monthly monitoring programme, but complementing it with an energy balance study using additional meteorological data to better explain the glacier-climate interactions. However, to track the glacier’s mass variations, a monitoring network with lower measurement frequency and stake density would be sufficient. © 2017 Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography.},

note = {cited By 5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Schauwecker2017,

title = {The freezing level in the tropical Andes, Peru: An indicator for present and future glacier extents},

author = {S Schauwecker and M Rohrer and C Huggel and J Endries and N Montoya and R Neukom and B Perry and N Salzmann and M Schwarb and W Suarez},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019830963&doi=10.1002%2f2016JD025943&partnerID=40&md5=f2cf21f0ebee5999cde8236867c48147},

doi = {10.1002/2016JD025943},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},

volume = {122},

number = {10},

pages = {5172-5189},

abstract = {Along with air temperatures, the freezing level height (FLH) has risen over the last decades. The mass balance of tropical glaciers in Peru is highly sensitive to a rise in the FLH, mainly due to a decrease in accumulation and increase of energy for ablation caused by reduced albedo. Knowledge of future changes in the FLH is thus crucial to estimating changes in glacier extents. Since in situ data are scarce at altitudes where glaciers exist (above ~4800 m above sea level (asl)), reliable FLH estimates must be derived from multiple data types. Here we assessed the FLHs and their spatiotemporal variability, as well as the related snow/rain transition in the two largest glacier-covered regions in Peru by combining data from two climate reanalysis products, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar Bright Band data, Micro Rain Radar data, and meteorological ground station measurements. The mean annual FLH lies at 4900 and 5010 m asl, for the Cordillera Blanca and Vilcanota, respectively. During the wet season, the FLH in the Cordillera Vilcanota lies ~150 m higher compared to the Cordillera Blanca, which is in line with the higher glacier terminus elevations. Coupled Model Intercomparison Project version 5 (CMIP5) climate model projections reveal that by the end of the 21st century, the FLH will rise by 230 m (±190 m) for Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 and 850 m (±390 m) for RCP8.5. Even under the most optimistic scenario, glaciers may continue shrinking considerably, assuming a close relation between FLH and glacier extents. Under the most pessimistic scenario, glaciers may only remain at the highest summits above approximately 5800 m asl. © 2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},

note = {cited By 17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{RuizVillanueva2017,

title = {Recent catastrophic landslide lake outburst floods in the Himalayan Mountain Range},

author = {V Ruiz-Villanueva and S Allen and M Arora and N K Goel and M Stoffel},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Progress in Physical Geography},

volume = {4},

number = {1},

pages = {3--28},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Paul2017,

title = {Citizen science for hydrological risk reduction and resilience building},

author = {Jonathan D Paul and Wouter Buytaert and Simon Allen and Juan A Ballesteros-cánovas and Jagat Bhusal and Katarzyna Cieslik and Julian Clark and Sumit Dugar and David M Hannah and Markus Stoffel and Art Dewulf and Megh R Dhital and Wei Liu and Janak Lal Nayaval},

doi = {10.1002/wat2.1262},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

volume = {5},

number = {1},

pages = {1--15},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Allen2016a,

title = {Glacial lake outburst flood risk in Himachal Pradesh, India: an integrative and anticipatory approach considering current and future threats},

author = {S K Allen and A Linsbauer and S S Randhawa and C Huggel and P Rana and A Kumari},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84981288400&doi=10.1007%2fs11069-016-2511-x&partnerID=40&md5=3f61ce51648098049e997e32842a375d},

doi = {10.1007/s11069-016-2511-x},

issn = {0921-030X},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-12-01},

journal = {Natural Hazards},

volume = {84},

number = {3},

pages = {1741-1763},

publisher = {Springer Netherlands},

abstract = {Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are a serious and potentially increasing threat to livelihoods and infrastructure in most high-mountain regions of the world. Here, we integrate modelling approaches that capture both current and future potential for GLOF triggering, quantification of affected downstream areas, and assessment of the underlying societal vulnerability to such climate-related disasters, to implement a first-order assessment of GLOF risk across the Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh (HP), Northern India. The assessment thereby considers both current glacial lakes and modelled future lakes that are expected to form as glaciers retreat. Current hazard, vulnerability, and exposure indices are combined to reveal several risk ‘hotspots’, illustrating that significant GLOF risk may in some instances occur far downstream from the glaciated headwaters where the threats originate. In particular, trans-national GLOFs originating in the upper Satluj River Basin (China) are a threat to downstream areas of eastern HP. For the future deglaciated scenario, a significant increase in GLOF hazard levels is projected across most administrative units, as lakes expand or form closer towards steep headwalls from which impacts of falling ice and rock may trigger outburst events. For example, in the central area of Kullu, a 7-fold increase in the probability of GLOF triggering and a 3-fold increase in the downstream area affected by potential GLOF paths can be anticipated, leading to an overall increase in the assigned GLOF hazard level from ‘high’ to ‘very high’. In such instances, strengthening resilience and capacities to reduce the current GLOF risk will provide an important first step towards adapting to future challenges. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.},

note = {cited By 36},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Frey2016a,

title = {Prozesskaskaden und ihre Modellierung},

author = {H Frey and C Huggel and D Schneider and Y Schaub and Javier Garc{'i}a Hernández and C Portocarrero},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-11-01},

journal = {Agenda FAN},

volume = {2/2016},

pages = {3--7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kronenberg2016,

title = {The projected precipitation reduction over the Central Andes may severely affect Peruvian glaciers and hydropower production },

author = {Marlene Kronenberg and Simone Schauwecker and Christian Huggel and Nadine Salzmann and Fabian Drenkhan and Holger Frey and Claudia Giraáldez and Wolfgang Gurgiser and Georg Kaser and Irmgard Juen and Wilson Suarez and Javier Gar{'c}{'i}a Hernaández and Javier Fluixaá Sanmart́{'i}n and Edwin Ayros and Baker Perry and Mario Rohrer},

doi = {10.1016/j.egypro.2016.10.072},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-11-01},

journal = {Energy Procedia},

volume = {97},

pages = {270--277},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Klimes2016,

title = {Landslides in moraines as triggers of glacial lake outburst floods: example from PalcacochaLake (Cordillera Blanca, Peru)},

author = {J Klimes and J Novotn{'y} and I Novotná and Jordán B Urries and V Vilimek and A Emmer and T Strozzi and M Kusák and Cochachin A Rapre and F Hartvich and H Frey},

doi = {10.1007/s10346-016-0724-4},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-07-01},

journal = {Landslides},

volume = {13},

pages = {1461--1477},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Guardamino2016,

title = {Evolución y potencial amenaza de lagunas en la Cordillera de Vilcabamba (Cusco y Apurímac, Perú) entre 1991-2014},

author = {Lucía Guardamino and Fabian Drenkhan},

url = {http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/137117/1/2016_GUARDAMINO_and_DRENKHAN_2016_-_Evolucion_potencial_amenaza_lagunas_glaciares_Vilcabamba_1991-2014.pdf},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {INAIGEM},

volume = {1},

pages = {21--36},

abstract = {En las últimas décadas, los glaciares de diferentes regiones montañosas han experimentado un retroceso sin precedentes desde finales de la Pequeña Edad de Hielo (LIA). Este proceso contribuye a la formación y crecimiento de lagunas glaciares, que en conjunto con otros componentes de potencial amenaza pueden generar condiciones más frecuentes y aptas para la ocurrencia de un desastre, como flujos por el desborde violento de una laguna glaciar (GLOFs). En los Andes del Perú, varios GLOFs han cobrado un gran número de pérdidas humanas y materiales, pero la colección de datos y la implementación de programas de monitoreo basados en la amenaza son escasos. Este estudio se centra en cambios de superficies lagunares y glaciares en la poco estudiada Cordillera de Vilcabamba (Cusco y Apurímac, Perú). Presentamos un marco multitemporal y semiautomatizado basado en el Índice Normalizado Diferencial del Agua (NDWI) y el Índice Normalizado Diferencial de la Nieve (NDSI) usando imágenes Landsat TM 5 y OLI 8 en el periodo 1991-2014. Nuestros resultados indican un fuerte retroceso del área glaciar de 51% entre 1991 (201.0 km2) y 2014 (98.9 km2). En el mismo período, el número de lagunas (superficie lagunar total) se ha incrementado de 247 (4.1 km2) en 1991 a 329 (5.2 km2) en el año 2014 lo cual corresponde a un crecimiento acelerado de 0.8% (0.6%) de 1991 a 2001 y 2.3% (1.7%) de 2010 a 2014, respectivamente. El mayor crecimiento de lagunas se ha identificado en áreas de altitud elevada (4400-4800 msnm) particularmente durante el último período (2010-2014) lo cual podría ser correlacionado a la desglaciación actual y, por ende, a cambios en características geomorfológicas. La discriminación de lagunas y el análisis de potencial amenaza se llevaron a cabo en un protocolo de cuatro etapas, en primer lugar, basado en las variaciones superficiales de lagunas y la posible exposición de centros poblados ante un GLOF aguas abajo. Se aplicó criterios adicionales incluyendo (a) distancia glaciar-laguna, (b) tipo de dique, (c) período de formación, (d) pendientes críticas y (e) estimaciones de volumen. Un total de 52 “lagunas indicadores” han sido identificadas, de las cuales 13 lagunas glaciares están en contacto con 15 centros poblados expuestos aguas abajo. Dos de estas lagunas han sido clasificadas en un nivel de potencial amenaza bajomediano y tres en un nivel mediano-alto. Nuestros resultados tienen diferentes implicancias para la investigación y gestión del agua futuras. El continuo derretimiento glaciar y desarrollo de lagunas generan condiciones potenciales de amenaza y riesgo. Sin embargo, emergen oportunidades para una futura gestión (integrada) del agua considerando la necesidad de nuevos reservorios, p. ej., para la demanda de agua creciente de agricultura e hidroenergía en la región. La metodología presentada facilita un análisis efectivo y extenso de amenaza que debería ser corroborado también con data in situ y criterios adicionales aplicados a otras cordilleras glaciares. Futuros estudios deberían enfocarse en un mayor desarrollo de un análisis detallado, continuo y estandarizado de amenaza y riesgo, y monitoreo de lagunas glaciares.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Drenkhan2016,

title = {En la sombra del Cambio Global: Hacia una Gestión Integrada y Adaptativa de Recursos Hídricos en los Andes del Perú},

author = {Fabian Drenkhan},

url = {http://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/espacioydesarrollo},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.18800/espacioydesarrollo.201601.002},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Espacio y Desarrollo},

volume = {28},

pages = {25--51},

abstract = {In the Tropical Andes of Peru and adjacent lowlands, human livelihoods are exposed to strong changes in hydroclimatic and socioeconomic patterns. On the one hand, climate change impacts are particularly visible by means of glacier retreat and growth of glacier lakes. With decreasing ice masses in highly glacierized catchments, river discharge probably diminishes and its streamflow variability increases. On the other hand, growing energy demand promotes extensions of hydropower plants and thus a major need to rely on a predictable minimum discharge during the whole year. Additionally, the expansion of irrigated agriculture and population growth exert new pressures in the catchments. The antagonistic situation of successively depleting water supply and growing water demand put at risk future water availability. This study analyzes the state of the art of water supply in the Santa (Ancash, La Libertad) and Vilcanota (Cusco) river catchments. The water balance in both catchments is embedded in the framework of Integrated Water Resources Management and the new Water Resources Law. Multiple water conflicts which prevail in Peru, make visible the need for a water resources governance with pathways towards more participative, secure and sustainable water management. Intertwined and complex hydroclimatic and socioeconomic processes with high uncertainty in the Andes of Peru could be tackled with Adaptive Water Management in the future.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Muccione2016,

title = {Scientific Knowledge and Knowledge Needs in Climate Adaptation Policy},

author = {V Muccione and N Salzmann and C Huggel},

doi = {10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-15-00016.1},

issn = {02764741},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Mountain Research and Development},

volume = {36},

number = {3},

abstract = {textcopyright 2016. Muccione et al. Mountain ecosystems around the world are recognized to be among the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The need to develop sound adaptation strategies in these areas is growing. Knowledge from the natural sciences has an important role to play in the development of adaptation strategies. However, the extent of and gaps in such knowledge have not been systematically investigated for mountain areas. This paper analyzes the status of knowledge from natural science disciplines and research needs relevant to the national and subnational climate adaptation policies of 1 US state (Washington) and 7 countries (Austria, Bhutan, Colombia, Germany, Nepal, Peru, and Switzerland), in particular the elements of those policies focused on mountain areas. In addition, we asked key individuals involved in drafting those policies to answer a short questionnaire. We found that research needs mainly concern impact and vulnerability assessments at regional and local levels, integrated assessments, and improved climate and socioeconomic data. These needs are often related to the challenges to data coverage and model performance in mountainous areas. In these areas, the base data are often riddled with gaps and uncertainties, making it particularly difficult to formulate adaptation strategies. In countries where data coverage is less of an issue, there is a tendency to explore quantitative forms of impact and vulnerability assessments. We highlight how the knowledge embedded in natural science disciplines is not always useful to address complex vulnerabilities in coupled human and natural systems and briefly refer to alternative pathways to adaptation in the form of no-regret, flexible, and adaptive management solutions. Finally, in recognition of the trans- and interdisciplinary nature of climate change adaptation, we raise the question of which knowledge production paradigms are best able to deliver sustainable adaptations to growing environmental stressors in mountain regions.},

keywords = {adaptation policy, climate change, climate change impact, policy-relevant knowledge, vulnerability},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gergis2016,

title = {Australasian Temperature Reconstructions Spanning the Last Millennium},

author = {Jo{"e}lle Gergis and Raphael Neukom and Ailie J E Gallant and David J Karoly},

url = {http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00781.1},

doi = {10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00781.1},

issn = {0894-8755},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

urldate = {2016-07-14},

journal = {Journal of Climate},

volume = {29},

number = {15},

pages = {5365--5392},

abstract = {Multiproxy warm season (September–February) temperature reconstructions are presented for the combined land–ocean region of Australasia (0textdegree–50textdegreeS, 110textdegreeE–180textdegree) covering 1000–2001. Using between 2 (R2) and 28 (R28) paleoclimate records, four 1000-member ensemble reconstructions of regional temperature are developed using four statistical methods: principal component regression (PCR), composite plus scale (CPS), Bayesian hierarchical models (LNA), and pairwise comparison (PaiCo). The reconstructions are then compared with a three-member ensemble of GISS-E2-R climate model simulations and independent paleoclimate records. Decadal fluctuations in Australasian temperatures are remarkably similar between the four reconstruction methods. There are, however, differences in the amplitude of temperature variations between the different statistical methods and proxy networks. When the R28 network is used, the warmest 30-yr periods occur after 1950 in 77% of ensemble members over all methods. However, reconstructions based on only the longest records (R2 and R3 networks) indicate that single 30- and 10-yr periods of similar or slightly higher temperatures than in the late twentieth century may have occurred during the first half of the millennium. Regardless, the most recent instrumental temperatures (1985–2014) are above the 90th percentile of all 12 reconstruction ensembles (four reconstruction methods based on three proxy networks—R28, R3, and R2). The reconstructed twentieth-century warming cannot be explained by natural variability alone using GISS-E2-R. In this climate model, anthropogenic forcing is required to produce the rate and magnitude of post-1950 warming observed in the Australasian region. These paleoclimate results are consistent with other studies that attribute the post-1950 warming in Australian temperature records to increases in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Schaub2016,

title = {Ice-avalanche scenario elaboration and uncertainty propagation in numerical simulation of rock-/ice-avalanche-induced impact waves at Mount Hualcán and Lake 513, Peru},

author = {Y Schaub and C Huggel and A Cochachin},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84949977269&doi=10.1007%2fs10346-015-0658-2&partnerID=40&md5=68084dce3b9fc425ededf849ecce9839},

doi = {10.1007/s10346-015-0658-2},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Landslides},

volume = {13},

number = {6},

pages = {1445-1459},

abstract = {The interest in numerical simulation of cascading processes involving mass movements and lakes has recently risen strongly, especially as the formation of new lakes in high-mountain areas as a consequence of glacier recession can be observed all over the world. These lakes are often located close to potentially unstable slopes and therewith prone to impacts from mass movements, which may cause the lake to burst out and endanger settlements further downvalley. The need for hazard assessment of such cascading processes is continuously rising, which demands methodological development of coupled numerical simulations. Our study takes up on the need for systematic analysis of the effect of assumptions taken in the simulation of the process chain and the propagation of the corresponding uncertainties on the simulation results. We complemented the research of Adv Geosci 35:145-155, 2014 carried out at Lake 513 in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, by focusing on the aspects of (a) ice-avalanche scenario development and of (b) analysis of uncertainty propagation in the coupled numerical simulation of the process chain of an impact wave triggered by a rock/ice avalanche. The analysis of variance of the dimension of the overtopping wave was based on 54 coupled simulation runs, applying RAMMS and IBER for simulation of the ice avalanche and the impact wave, respectively. The results indicate (a) location and magnitude of potential ice-avalanche events, and further showed (b) that the momentum transfer between an avalanche and the impact wave seems to be reliably representable in coupled numerical simulations. The assessed parameters—initial avalanche volume, friction calibration, mass entrainment and transformation of the data between the models—was decisive of whether the wave overtopped or not. The overtopping time and height directly characterize the overtopping wave, while the overtopping volume and the discharge describe the overtopping hydrograph as a consequence of the run-up rather than the wave. The largest uncertainties inherent in the simulation of the impact wave emerge from avalanche-scenario definition rather than from coupling of the models. These findings are of relevance also to subsequent outburst flow simulation and contribute to advance numerical simulation of the entire process chain, which might also be applied to mass movements other than rock/ice avalanches. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},

note = {cited By 12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Emmer2016,

title = {Limits and challenges to compiling and developing a database of glacial lake outburst floods},

author = {A Emmer and V Vilímek and C Huggel and J Klimeš and Y Schaub},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84958756850&doi=10.1007%2fs10346-016-0686-6&partnerID=40&md5=fd2949ea1c1b8f06abfe76ab639320ce},

doi = {10.1007/s10346-016-0686-6},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Landslides},

volume = {13},

number = {6},

pages = {1579-1584},

abstract = {A unified database of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) has been created for analysis and future natural hazard evaluations. The data from individual case studies fill the database at a primary level, while the regional and global scales are more suitable for evaluating the information. There is enhanced research activity in this topic worldwide due to ongoing environmental changes, and this is apparent in the database. Database compilation is linked to the International Programme on Landslides (IPL) because different types of slope movements are the most common triggering factors for glacial lake outburst floods, and the outburst floods, on the other hand, often initiate different types of slope movements. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},

note = {cited By 16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Haeberli2016,

title = {New lakes in deglaciating high-mountain regions – opportunities and risks},

author = {W Haeberli and M Buetler and C Huggel and T L Friedli and Y Schaub and A J Schleiss},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84984845688&doi=10.1007%2fs10584-016-1771-5&partnerID=40&md5=ce1b5c1927b8a44b3c86ce902ed15aa1},

doi = {10.1007/s10584-016-1771-5},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Climatic Change},

volume = {139},

number = {2},

pages = {201-214},

abstract = {In connection with the ongoing disappearance of glaciers in cold mountains, a great number of new lakes come into existence. The sites and approximate formation time of such potential new lakes can be realistically modelled. This provides an important knowledge base for planning the management of at least the larger ones among such lakes. New water bodies can markedly increase the hazard and risk potential for down-valley areas in the long term, especially in relation to impact/flood waves triggered by rock/ice avalanches from the steep icy peaks surrounding them. However, they also offer opportunities for use in connection with tourism, water supply and hydropower production. Legal regulations and aspects of landscape protection and nature conservation have to be thereby carefully considered. Possible synergies and conflicts exist; they can be anticipated at an early stage by a matrix-type analysis of interrelations between the different perspectives involved. A corresponding inter- and transdisciplinary study was performed for the currently glacierized areas of the Swiss Alps. The results of this study may serve as an example for dealing with the consequences of rapid climate-induced changes in other populated regions with rugged icy mountains, such as the Peruvian Cordilleras or the Himalaya-Karakoram region. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.},

note = {cited By 23},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Huggel2016,

title = {Reconciling justice and attribution research to advance climate policy},

author = {C Huggel and I Wallimann-Helmer and D Stone and W Cramer},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84989181065&doi=10.1038%2fnclimate3104&partnerID=40&md5=feef79319102d879a3173626c4bb9db8},

doi = {10.1038/nclimate3104},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Nature Climate Change},

volume = {6},

number = {10},

pages = {901-908},

abstract = {The Paris Climate Agreement is an important step for international climate policy, but the compensation for negative effects of climate change based on clear assignment of responsibilities remains highly debated. From both a policy and a science perspective, it is unclear how responsibilities should be defined and on what evidence base. We explore different normative principles of justice relevant to climate change impacts, and ask how different forms of causal evidence of impacts drawn from detection and attribution research could inform policy approaches in accordance with justice considerations. We reveal a procedural injustice based on the imbalance of observations and knowledge of impacts between developed and developing countries. This type of injustice needs to be considered in policy negotiations and decisions, and efforts strengthened to reduce it. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature.},

note = {cited By 24},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Schwanghart2016,

title = {Uncertainty in the Himalayan energy-water nexus: Estimating regional exposure to glacial lake outburst floods},

author = {W Schwanghart and R Worni and C Huggel and M Stoffel and O Korup},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980018607&doi=10.1088%2f1748-9326%2f11%2f7%2f074005&partnerID=40&md5=ae82c090bca39d855019e493990c3c45},

doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/074005},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Research Letters},

volume = {11},

number = {7},

abstract = {Himalayan water resources attract a rapidly growing number of hydroelectric power projects (HPP) to satisfy Asia's soaring energy demands. Yet HPP operating or planned in steep, glacier-fed mountain rivers face hazards of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) that can damage hydropower infrastructure, alter water and sediment yields, and compromise livelihoods downstream. Detailed appraisals of such GLOF hazards are limited to case studies, however, and a more comprehensive, systematic analysis remains elusive. To this end we estimate the regional exposure of 257 Himalayan HPP to GLOFs, using a flood-wave propagation model fed by Monte Carlo-derived outburst volumes of >2300 glacial lakes. We interpret the spread of thus modeled peak discharges as a predictive uncertainty that arises mainly from outburst volumes and dam-breach rates that are difficult to assess before dams fail. With 66% of sampled HPP are on potential GLOF tracks, up to one third of these HPP could experience GLOF discharges well above local design floods, as hydropower development continues to seek higher sites closer to glacial lakes. We compute that this systematic push of HPP into headwaters effectively doubles the uncertainty about GLOF peak discharge in these locations. Peak discharges farther downstream, in contrast, are easier to predict because GLOF waves attenuate rapidly. Considering this systematic pattern of regional GLOF exposure might aid the site selection of future Himalayan HPP. Our method can augment, and help to regularly update, current hazard assessments, given that global warming is likely changing the number and size of Himalayan meltwater lakes. © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd.},

note = {cited By 28},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hansen2016,

title = {Linking local impacts to changes in climate: a guide to attribution},

author = {G Hansen and D Stone and M Auffhammer and C Huggel and W Cramer},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84956656295&doi=10.1007%2fs10113-015-0760-y&partnerID=40&md5=7cfab46ab889ca9e722533fbc652b293},

doi = {10.1007/s10113-015-0760-y},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Regional Environmental Change},

volume = {16},

number = {2},

pages = {527-541},

abstract = {Assessing past impacts of observed climate change on natural, human and managed systems requires detailed knowledge about the effects of both climatic and other drivers of change, and their respective interaction. Resulting requirements with regard to system understanding and long-term observational data can be prohibitive for quantitative detection and attribution methods, especially in the case of human systems and in regions with poor monitoring records. To enable a structured examination of past impacts in such cases, we follow the logic of quantitative attribution assessments, however, allowing for qualitative methods and different types of evidence. We demonstrate how multiple lines of evidence can be integrated in support of attribution exercises for human and managed systems. Results show that careful analysis can allow for attribution statements without explicit end-to-end modeling of the whole climate-impact system. However, care must be taken not to overstate or generalize the results and to avoid bias when the analysis is motivated by and limited to observations considered consistent with climate change impacts. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},

note = {cited By 9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Viani2016,

title = {An overview of glacier lakes in the Western Italian Alps from 1927 to 2014 based on multiple data sources (historical maps, orthophotos and reports of the glaciological surveys)},

author = {C Viani and M Giardino and C Huggel and L Perotti and G Mortara},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018662410&doi=10.4461%2fGFDQ2016.39.19&partnerID=40&md5=f53e412fd8599a9860ded7ef5f915e80},

doi = {10.4461/GFDQ2016.39.19},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria},

volume = {39},

number = {2},

pages = {203-214},

abstract = {Since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA, ca. 1850 AD) a general and progressive retreat of glaciers started in the European Alps, causing important environmental changes in this high mountain region. The appearance of glacier lakes is one of the most evident environmental effects in the Alps as well as in newly deglaciated areas worldwide. In order to understand conditions of formation and reconstruct evolutionary stages of glacier lakes, it is important to collect and analyse a diversity of data from different time periods. Through the analysis of historical topographic maps and digital orthophotos, we identified and digitalized in a GIS environment glacier lakes (and related features) of the Western Italian Alps (Piemonte and Aosta Valley regions) within the LIA maximum extent boundaries. We produced six glacier lake inventories related to six different time steps: 1930s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2006-07 and 2012. We provided a general overview of the main morphometric, geomorphologic and geographic features of lakes of each time step and preliminary considerations on changes in the number of lakes within the considered time period. The most detailed analysis has been performed over the 2006-07 time step: 214 detected lakes, covering a total area of about 146 (±1) · 104 m2, 3/4 of the lakes measuring less than 6000 m2 as individual area and a half of the total number less than 2000 m2. The mean elevation of lakes was 2776 m a.s.l., 72% being located between 2600 and 3000 m. In general, lakes are localized mainly in the Graian Alps (Rutor-Lechaud, Gran Sassiere-Tsanteleina and Gran Paradiso chains) and in the Pennine Alps (Monte Rosa Group). Moreover, in a dedicated database, we collected information (descriptions, photos, maps) about glacier lakes from the reports of the annual glaciological surveys published by the Italian Glaciological Committee (CGI) since 1928. Finally, we reported two cases of glacier lakes at the Tzére Glacier (Monte Rosa Group, Pennine Alps) and at the Ban Glacier (Monte Leone-Blinnenhorn Chain, Lepontine Alps), in order to demonstrate the importance of integrating data from a diversity of sources (historical maps, orthophotos and reports of the glaciological surveys) for better detailed reconstructions of the condition of formation, evolutionary stages and process dynamics of the lake. Results of the present research can contribute to reconstruct and to interpret the spatiotemporal evolution of the phenomenon and to improve the knowledge about the interactions between glacier and related glacier lakes.},

note = {cited By 3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Schauwecker2016,

title = {Estimation of snowfall limit for the Kashmir Valley, Indian Himalayas, with TRMM PR Bright Band information},

author = {S Schauwecker and M Rohrer and M Schwarb and C Huggel and A P Dimri and N Salzmann},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84988844050&doi=10.1127%2fmetz%2f2016%2f0738&partnerID=40&md5=e90238c824b547a316f874660851751a},

doi = {10.1127/metz/2016/0738},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Meteorologische Zeitschrift},

volume = {25},

number = {4},

pages = {501-509},

abstract = {Knowing the height of the snowfall limit during precipitation events is crucial for better understanding a number of hydro-climatic processes, for instance glacier-climate interactions or runoff from high mountain catchments. However, knowledge on heights of the phase change during precipitation events is limited by the small number of meteorological measurements available at high altitudes, such as the Himalayas. The bright band (BB) of satellite based radar data may be a promising proxy for the snow/rain transition during particular stratiform precipitation events over high mountain regions. The BB is a horizontal layer of stronger radar reflectivity caused by the melting of hydrometeors at the level where solid precipitation turns into rain. Here, we present BB heights detected by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) 2A23 algorithm over a mountainous area. To assess the performance of BB heights, we have compared a 17-year data set of BB estimations of the TRMM PR with radiosonde observations and meteorological station data from Srinagar, Kashmir Valley, India. During March to November, the BB lies mostly about 200 to 800m below the freezing level (FL) recorded by radiosondes. The correlation between BB and FL heights extrapolated from a ground-based station is smaller and depends on the timing of the air temperature measurement - an important finding for applying extrapolation techniques in data sparse regions. Further on, we found a strong seasonal and monthly variability of the BB height, e.g. extending in summer months from about 2700m to almost 6000m asl. Comparison with near surface rain intensity from the TRMM PR product 2A25 indicates that - during intense monsoonal summer precipitation events - the BB height is concentrated between about 3500 and 4000m asl.We can conclude that TRMM PR BB data deliver valuable complementary information for regional or seasonal variability in snow/rain transition in data sparse regions and, further on, BB data from surrounding lowlands could be used to validate extrapolation approaches to assess snowfall limit for mainly stratiform precipitation events where stations at high elevations are missing. © 2016 The authors.},

note = {cited By 4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Frey2016b,

title = {A robust debris-flow and GLOF risk management strategy for a data-scarce catchment in Santa Teresa, Peru},

author = {Holger Frey and Christian Huggel and Yves Bühler and Daniel Buis and Maria Dulce Burga and Walter Choquevilca and Felipe Fernandez and Javier Garc{'i}a Hernández and Claudia Giráldez and Edwin Loarte and Paul Masias and Cesar Portocarrero and Luis Vicu{~n}a and Marco Walser},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84955317035&doi=10.1007%2fs10346-015-0669-z&partnerID=40&md5=19b7f531c35a0a43c108476c7b335270},

doi = {10.1007/s10346-015-0669-z},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Landslides},

volume = {13},

number = {6},

pages = {1493--1507},

abstract = {The town of Santa Teresa (Cusco Region, Peru) has been affected by several large debris-flow events in the recent past, which destroyed parts of the town and resulted in a resettlement of the municipality. Here, we present a risk analysis and a risk management strategy for debris-flows and glacier lake outbursts in the Sacsara catchment. Data scarcity and limited understanding of both physical and social processes impede a full quantitative risk assessment. Therefore, a bottom-up approach is chosen in order to establish an integrated risk management strategy that is robust against uncertainties in the risk analysis. With the Rapid Mass Movement Simulation (RAMMS) model, a reconstruction of a major event from 1998 in the Sacsara catchment is calculated, including a sensitivity analysis for various model parameters. Based on the simulation results, potential future debris-flows scenarios of different magnitudes, including outbursts of two glacier lakes, are modeled for assessing the hazard. For the local communities in the catchment, the hazard assessment is complemented by the analysis of high-resolution satellite imagery and fieldwork. Physical, social, economic, and institutional vulnerability are considered for the vulnerability assessment, and risk is eventually evaluated by crossing the local hazard maps with the vulnerability. Based on this risk analysis, a risk management strategy is developed, consisting of three complementing elements: (i) standardized risk sheets for the communities; (ii) activities with the local population and authorities to increase social and institutional preparedness; and (iii) a simple Early Warning System. By combining scientific, technical, and social aspects, this work is an example of a framework for an integrated risk management strategy in a data scarce, remote mountain catchment in a developing country. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},

note = {cited By 10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}